Vehicle.



PATENTED MAY 22, 1906.

J. M. COLEMAN.

VEHICLE. APLIUATION FILED bow. 27, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

m/enior.

ANDREW a. annum co. www umncmvnsns wAsmmYoN. u. c.

PATENTED MAY 22, 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEIIT 2.

L wl n e V n J. M. COLEMAN. VEHICLE.

APPLIOATION Hum 00T. 27, 1905.

,DNTTE STAES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES M. COLEMAN, OF MONTREAL, CANADA, ASSIGNOR OF ONF-FOURTH TO ARCHIBALD WILLIAM STEVENSON AND ONE-FOURTH TO vWILLIAM SCLATER, OF MONTREAL, CANADA, AND ONE-FOURTH TO CHARLES EDWARD l/VADE, OF AMBLER, PENNSYLVANIA.

VEHICLE.

Specification of Letters IPatent.

Patented. May 22, 1906.

Application filed October 27, 1905. Serial No. 284,696.

.To @Z whom, t Tita/y concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES McCU'iicnEoN COLEMAN, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at 487 Sherbrooke street,

5 in the city of Montreal, in the district of Montreal, Province of Quebec, in the Dominion of Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vehicles, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in vehicles as described in the present specificaf tion and illustrated by the accompanying drawings, that form part of the same.

The invention consists, essentially, of a I 5 frame, a running-gear supporting said frame,

a facing formed in slabs of'a consistent, plastic, and mineral material applied in its set or consistent state, said slabs being adhesively joined at their edges, a variety of molded 2o shapes of said material applied to the construction in its set or consistent state as the other exposed parts and adhesively joined one to the other or to the slabs where meeting, and means for securing said slabs and 2 5 shapes to said frame.

The objects of the invention are to devise a vehicle in which the construction willl be simple, cheap, and durable, and, particularly in railway-cars, to effect a saving in the maintenance and to render the cars fireproof and vermin-proof, and,-in view of the universal use of electricity, to provide a construction having as its principal feature a non-conducting material occupying the exposed places.

In the drawings,Figure 1 is a side eleva tion of a portion of a railway passenger-car having a part of the facing broken away to show the application of the plastic material. Fig. 2 is a sectional perspective view showing the interior of a railway passenger-car.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged perspective detail of a slab of the plastic material for application to the exterior of the railway passenger-car. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a railway refrigerator-car, showing the application. of

the plastic material in its construction.

Like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each figure.

a is a frame, here shown as constructed in 5o the usual manner of the wooden joists l), the Wooden posts c, and the wooden beams d,

suitably built up in car form and preferably having the double decks e and f to its roof, the dormer-windows g between the decks c and f and the windows 7L in the side walls i. The frame is strengthened by struts j at various places, as customary, and mounted on a suitable running-gear.

The car herein described is of the vestibule type, having the vestibule-door 7c and steps l, leading from the platform behind said vestibule-door.

m is a boarding forming the first covering of the frame on the exterior and is also of wood.

lt must be understood that though it is stated in this description that the frame and the boarding are made of wood, yet without departing from the spirit of my invention the said frame and boarding may be of metal or a material of a plastic nature.

n is a slab of a plastic material, preferably of consistent, fibrous, mineral material. The material is molded into any shape desired according to the part of the car to be covered, and in the slab n the vertical bevel-grooves o are made to represent the usual outside fac ing of a car-wall, though in some instances it may be preferable to have the surface perfectly smooth or otherwise ornamented. The ends of the slab n are preferably reduced at p to overlap the correspondingly reduced end of the next slab.

g represents slabs similarly formed to the slab 'a and filling in the spaces between the windows 7L.

The slabs n and g are glued or fastened in any suitable manner to the boarding or frame and preferably cemented together where the adjoining ends overlap one another.

The door 7c may also be formed of the same material, and lalso the sills r and frame s of the windows. These parts are molded to the exact shape, and in the slabs and various parts the molding is accomplished under great pressure, bringing out a clean smooth surface to the part.

The double decks c and f, forming the roof, are preferably molded in sections of the said material, and the slabs t of the said material are introduced between the decks c and and IOC separate the dormer-windows g. The frames of the latter mayalso be made of the like material.

u is a covering of a consistent or set fibrous and mineral nature closing in the joists t from below and formed of slabs in suitable sizes.

It will be thus seen that all parts in the exterior make-up ofthe car, with the exception of the glass of the Windows, are of the described material, and in appearance this material is made to represent the usual finelyfinished woodwork of a passenger-car.

The coloring of the material where necessary is accomplished at the mixing of the compound, so that the slabs, frames, and doors may be made a suitable color for the particular part of the car to which they belong before being placed in position.

The finish of the outer surfaces of the various parts formed of' the material is very smooth, as explained, and as the colorings have been distributed evenly throughout the mixtures before molding and pressing all that is required when the slabs or parts are in position on the car is a coat or coats of varnish to produce a highly-ornamental exterior to said car.

The interior of the car, as shown in F ig. 2, may also be constructed entirely of the material.

c is the flooring formed of a plurality of slabs of said material and in the present construction shown as laid on the boards w, covering the joists Zi, though it may be laid directly on the joists.

designates panel-slabs of fiber cement glued or fastened otherwise to the frame and made in suitable colors according to the decorations of the interior.

z designates upper berths hinged to the Wall of the car, as usual, and formed of the said material.

2 designates seat-frames also formed of said material throughout and covered with any suitable upholstery.

' It may be here explained that every exposed part of the car may be constructed of like material, and all the fixed portions of the furnishings thereof may also be of the said material, and the frame and all the parts covered in may be of metal or said plastic mineral material, thus forming a fireproof construction throughout.

Many of the parts herein described as constructed ofthe said material may of course be made in wood, as is the custom now, and the plastic and mineral material only used in the more exposed portions of the construction; but it is important in this description to clearly point out the applicability of the material to every part ofthe car.

In the decoration of the car, particularly in the interior, it may be desirable to superimpose decorative woods on a plastic and minin slabs substantially the same as hereinbefore explained as applied to the exterior of a passenger-car.

The outer Walls 3 are supported from the inner walls 4, but separated therefrom by the cleats 5, to which the said outer walls 3 are firmly glued. The cleats 5 are also glued to the inner walls 4 of lastic and mineral material. rI`he inner walls 4 are attached directly to the posts 6 of the frame, and on the inner side of the said posts 6, the walls 7, formed of slabs of mineral material, are secured, thus providing two air-spaces 8 and 9 between the walls.

In this construction of refrigerator-car there need be no further material used inwalls other than described, as the non-porous material will obstruct the passage of air therethrough. The-cement fastening joining-slabs will also prevent any passage of air.

The roof 10 of the said car is also formed of consistent, plastic, and mineral material and also the end walls 11, and the material is applied to the frame in substantially the same manner as described.

12 is the plastic and mineral material iiooring of the car in slabs laid over the joists on the boarding 14.

. 15 is a plastic and mineral material sheeting in slabs, closing in the joists 13 from the lower side and forming thereby an air-space under said flooring.

16 designates ice-pans formed of said material.

Other furnishings in the refrigerator-car may also be made in like material.

A freight-car is of course of much simpler construction, and it is hardly necessary to add particulars in this specification, as the description of the refrigerator-car is suh cient to show how this particular material may be applied.

The advantages of the sanitary conditions in using a material of a plastic nature in cars for the transportation of' foods or stock must be here emphasized, as the material is nonporous and can be effectually scoured and rendered sweet and clean.

In this specification the description has been confined to the application of a plastic mineral material to vehicles used in connection with railway transportation.; but it will be readily understood that the same material IDO IIO

scosse may be used in the construction of other vehicles. j

The particular reason for confining the description herein to the construction of railway-cars is that the applicability of this construction to a railway-car is extremely important, especially in the avoidance of the frequent disasters occurring at railway-wrecks from conflagrations and the effects of an impact after a collision.

It is well known in railway-wrecks that the wooden cars, particularly after having been in service for a few years, are like so much tinder to a I'ire emanating from the heating or lighting apparatus or the locomotive-furnace. Therefore to provide afireproof construction throughout is a very great advance, and though this has been accomplished to some extent in constructing cars almost entirely of metal, yet there is here a disadvantage also for the metal cars in collision are liable to fold up after the impact and crush the life out of passengers, and in the present construction such an occurrence cannot take place, as there is much greater resistance and no liability to bend, and while the objections to a wood construction are overcome the salient properties of a strong wooden construction remain.

The manner of fastening the slabs and other parts to the frame may be altered at any time to suit existing conditions, for in some instances it may be more convenient to glue the parts to the frame and in others to drill the slabs or parts and fasten them with bolts or screws.

The non-conducting properties of the coalescent, plastic, and mineral material is of much moment in the use thereof in the construction of electrically-propelled cars, as frequently heavily-charged wires when brought into accidental contact with a metal vehicle lwill cause great destruction and vwhen brought into contact with a car constructed of Wood will start a conflagration. Such disasters are entirely avoided where the predominating elements in the car construction are of the said material.

What I claim as my invention is- 1. In a vehicle, the combination With a frame, a running-gear supporting said frame, of a facing formed in slabs of a consistent, plastic and mineral material applied in its consistent or set state, said slabs being adhesively joined at their edges, a variety of molded shapes of said material applied to the construction in its coalescent state and forming the other exposed parts and adhesively joined one to the other or to the slabs where meeting, and means for securing said slabs and shapes to said frame, as and for the purpose specified.

2. In a vehicle, the combination with a frame supported on a suitable running-gear and a sheathing covering in a portion of said frame, of a facing applied to said sheathing and formed of a consistent, plastic and mineral material made in slabs, said slabs abutting one another and joined, a roofing supported on said frame and formed of molded shapes of said consistent, plastic and mineral material, and suitably joined to said slabs forming the walls, a plurality of molded shapes of said material joined to said walls and roof respectively and forming the sills and frames to the openings through said walls, and the doors, an interior lining to said frame of said consistent, plastic and mineral material formed in slabs and molded shapes securely joined together at the edges, a facing of like material to the floor-sheathing, a facing of like material to the sheathing attached to the under side of the beams supporting the floor, means for securing said shapes and slabs of said consistent, plastic and mineral material to the sheathing and to the frame respectively and means for securing said slabs one to the other and said shapes to said slabs and said shapes to said shapes, as and for the purpose specified.

3. In a vehicle, the combination with a metal frame and a suitable sheathing covering in a portion of said frame, of a facing forming the outer walls and formed of a consistent, plastic and mineral material made in slabs of reduced thickness at their overlapping adjoining edges, a roof formed in sections and molded shapes of said consistent, plastic and mineral material having reduced ends overlapping one another and securely joined together, said shapes being suitably joined to said walls, an interior lining of said material formed in slabs and shapes having reduced adjoining edges overlapping one another, bolts through said slabs and shapes se curing saine firmly to the frame, .and an adhesive substance interposed between the adjoining surfaces of said slabs and the adj oining surfaces of said shapes and said slabs and the adjoining surfaces of said shapes, as and for the purpose specified.

4. In a'vehicle, the combination with a frame of suitable material supported on a running-gear and a sheathing covering in a portion of said frame, of a facing formed in slabs of a consistent, plastic and mineral material having reduced adjoining ends overlapping one another, an adhesive substance securing said slabs together and to said sheathing, a variety of molded shapes of said consistent, plastic mineral material having reduced adjoining edges overlapping one another, an adhesive and consistent substance joining said shapes one to the other and to said slabs where meeting, an interior lining of said consistent, plastic mineral material formed in slabs in various molded shapes and secured to said frame, boltsseeuring said lining to said frame, and panels of decorative Wood material superimposed on said lining IOO IIO

and adhesively 'securedthereto, as and( for the purpose specified, u V i 5v In e Vehicle., the eembieetien With e Suitable fteme, eed e ruenrigigeeteupberting saidframe, of an oute'wall hav-ing afa@- ng et e Pleete wirdI Iriillei?alI materiel ih Whi'eh a coloring-matter is interrnixecl, said being applied to thel construction of- Isaid- Wall in slabs in its set or consistent state, s al slabs being secured together vat their adjoin-` ing eetgeebtT` e Suitable adhesive ebeteinee., e Vetiety et melde@ eheeeeef eesi Pla-Sti@ eetl mieeeel meterel, teeming other Perte 'te the `outer.-coristruction of the car angl joined. to-

gether at the edges thereofby sultable'adhe Sire eubeteeeee, Seid metterel herg Suitable coloring-matters intermixed` in the preparation thereof and applied to the construction in its set or consistent state, means for fas.- tenng the Various parts to Walls, an terier Heling te Seid vehele termedV iii Sutebe elette elle ehepee. ef eeitl Pleete iminerel terel eutewyeeleted ie plepeetetl 'eed eeeuled tO eetl tteme in, ite eeiiestet State, and bolts or screws securing Iilrt'vO-A/Iifl -to said trarne7A as and for the purposespecied.

6. In a device of the class described', in combination, a frame a running-gear sup!4 porting said trarne, a pluralityiof slabs olf' a consistent, plastic angl mineral material per meeted with Suitelele deleting-mettete eed forming the outer and inner Walls of the ue hicle and secured to the said trarne and adhef eively Secured. together et vtheir efdjeiiieg egeeee like. material eed-"permet met 'entete achting-mettete; tette` teeming "Seid mete rial to seid trame end Seid,- 'turee tee'gel.

slabs, and hangings and light furnishingsoia ngnfnemmelelenetvgtef .lid rftlf-lef intr; msespeem i l7. In edeiveev et the @lese described, ie eembtleteri, e freine, e eiteble TiiDeD'glgear, e double mirarme@ efeabs of me@ eeteet, Pleete @ed miilefel meteral htvg evefrlepp'ng edieiiitlg'edgee "edtl'eefvely e'e etree together', troef secugeeete, sete wauw the tee thetef and termed at like materiel.;

Said @weighting Petegem veel teelt 351e eolfrgfmtttte?, afd" 'ftClubl yQllg ermee met eifeehgivety entre@ together et their te' mingeegezs. @ne belted @dediteeive'ly eeuredft. the, betteiileef'ee'd' Welle.; ee end felr'the'plpeeeepeeifetl i' Signed at'Moitreal," they district of Montreal, in tle `Proxl`1ce of Quebec,A in the'Do- ,fee ef Cleeede, this 'ltdeer etQetebe, 1905.'

JAMES M. COLEMAN. Wtneeeee 'A-'W- See-veeteelt, WILLIAM Seewett- 

